C++中常见容器类的使用方法详解(vector/deque/map/set)

综合示例

1. vector:动态数组,支持随机访问

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 vector<int> v;

 // 添加元素
 v.push_back(1);
 v.push_back(2);
 v.push_back(3);

 // 遍历元素
 for (auto it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it)
 {
 cout << *it << " ";
 }
 cout << endl;

 // 访问元素
 cout << v[0] << endl;
 cout << v.at(1) << endl;

 // 删除元素
 v.erase(v.begin() + 1);

 // 大小和容量
 cout << v.size() << endl;
 cout << v.capacity() << endl;

 return 0;
}

2. list:双向链表,支持双向遍历和插入删除

#include <iostream>
#include <list>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 list<int> l;

 // 添加元素
 l.push_back(1);
 l.push_back(2);
 l.push_back(3);
 l.push_front(0);

 // 遍历元素
 for (auto it = l.begin(); it != l.end(); ++it)
 {
 cout << *it << " ";
 }
 cout << endl;

 // 访问元素
 cout << l.front() << endl;
 cout << l.back() << endl;

 // 删除元素
 l.pop_front();

 // 大小
 cout << l.size() << endl;

 return 0;
}

3. deque:双端队列,支持首尾插入删除和随机访问

#include <iostream>
#include <deque>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 deque<int> d;

 // 添加元素
 d.push_back(1);
 d.push_front(0);
 d.push_back(2);

 // 遍历元素
 for (auto it = d.begin(); it != d.end(); ++it)
 {
 cout << *it << " ";
 }
 cout << endl;

 // 访问元素
 cout << d[0] << endl;
 cout << d.at(1) << endl;

 // 删除元素
 d.pop_front();

 // 大小
 cout << d.size() << endl;

 return 0;
}

4. map:红黑树实现的关联数组,支持按键访问和遍历

#include <iostream>
#include <map>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 map<string, int> m;

 // 添加元素
 m["apple"] = 1;
 m["banana"] = 2;
 m.insert(make_pair("orange", 3));

 // 遍历元素
 for (auto it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it)
 {
 cout << it->first << " " << it->second << endl;
 }

 // 访问元素
 cout << m["apple"] << endl;

 // 删除元素
 m.erase("banana");

 // 大小
 cout << m.size() << endl;

 return 0;
}

5. set:红黑树实现的集合,支持按值访问和遍历

#include <iostream>
#include <set>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 set<int> s;

 // 添加元素
 s.insert(1);
 s.insert(2);
 s.insert(3);

 // 遍历元素
 for (auto it = s.begin(); it != s.end(); ++it)
 {
 cout << *it << " ";
 }
 cout << endl;

 // 访问元素
 auto it = s.find(2);
 if (it != s.end())
 {
 cout << *it << endl;
 }

 // 删除元素
 s.erase(3);

 // 大小
 cout << s.size() << endl;

 return 0;
}

6. unordered_map:哈希表实现的关联数组,支持按键访问和遍历

#include <iostream>
#include <unordered_map>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 unordered_map<string, int> um;

 // 添加元素
 um["apple"] = 1;
 um["banana"] = 2;
 um.insert(make_pair("orange", 3));

 // 遍历元素
 for (auto it = um.begin(); it != um.end(); ++it)
 {
 cout << it->first << " " << it->second << endl;
 }

 // 访问元素
 auto it = um.find("apple");
 if (it != um.end())
 {
 cout << it->second << endl;
 }

 // 删除元素
 um.erase("banana");

 // 大小
 cout << um.size() << endl;

 return 0;
}

7. unordered_set:哈希表实现的集合,支持按值访问和遍历

#include <iostream>
#include <unordered_set>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 unordered_set<int> us;

 // 添加元素
 us.insert(1);
 us.insert(2);
 us.insert(3);

 // 遍历元素
 for (auto it = us.begin(); it != us.end(); ++it)
 {
 cout << *it << " ";
 }
 cout << endl;

 // 访问元素
 auto it = us.find(2);
 if (it != us.end())
 {
 cout << *it << endl;
 }

 // 删除元素
 us.erase(3);

 // 大小
 cout << us.size() << endl;

 return 0;
}

检索方法示例

根据下标检索的容器类有vector、deque

根据值检索的容器类有set、map、unordered_set、unordered_map

(感觉主要靠容器.find()方法、容器.count()方法或者还可以用algorithm库里面的find)

1. vector:根据下标检索

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};

 // 访问元素
 cout << v[0] << endl;
 cout << v.at(1) << endl;

 // 判断元素是否在容器内
 if (v.size() > 0 && v[0] == 1)
 {
 cout << "1 is in the vector." << endl;
 }

 return 0;
}

2. deque:根据下标检索

#include <iostream>
#include <deque>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 deque<int> d = {1, 2, 3};

 // 访问元素
 cout << d[0] << endl;
 cout << d.at(1) << endl;

 // 判断元素是否在容器内
 if (d.size() > 0 && d[0] == 1)
 {
 cout << "1 is in the deque." << endl;
 }

 return 0;
}

3. set:根据值检索

#include <iostream>
#include <set>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 set<int> s = {1, 2, 3};

 // 查找元素
 auto it = s.find(2);
 if (it != s.end())
 {
 cout << *it << " is in the set." << endl;
 }

 // 判断元素是否在容器内
 if (s.count(1) > 0)
 {
 cout << "1 is in the set." << endl;
 }

 return 0;
}

4. map:根据值检索

#include <iostream>
#include <map>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 map<string, int> m = {{"apple", 1}, {"banana", 2}, {"orange", 3}};

 // 查找元素
 auto it = m.find("banana");
 if (it != m.end())
 {
 cout << it->second << " is in the map." << endl;
 }

 // 判断元素是否在容器内
 if (m.count("apple") > 0)
 {
 cout << "apple is in the map." << endl;
 }

 return 0;
}

5. unordered_set:根据值检索

#include <iostream>
#include <unordered_set>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 unordered_set<int> us = {1, 2, 3};

 // 查找元素
 auto it = us.find(2);
 if (it != us.end())
 {
 cout << *it << " is in the unordered_set." << endl;
 }

 // 判断元素是否在容器内
 if (us.count(1) > 0)
 {
 cout << "1 is in the unordered_set." << endl;
 }

 return 0;
}

6. unordered_map:根据值检索

#include <iostream>
#include <unordered_map>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 unordered_map<string, int> um = {{"apple", 1}, {"banana", 2}, {"orange", 3}};

 // 查找元素
 auto it = um.find("banana");
 if (it != um.end())
 {
 cout << it->second << " is in the unordered_map." << endl;
 }

 // 判断元素是否在容器内
 if (um.count("apple") > 0)
 {
 cout << "apple is in the unordered_map." << endl;
 }

 return 0;
}
作者:如果皮卡会coding原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/HYY_2000/article/details/129851568

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